Individuals that struggle with dissociative amnesia have significant memory loss that usually stems from psychological stress or trauma. Learn more about how to identify dissociative amnesia.
The most common dissociative disorder is known asdissociative amnesia. Individuals with this condition experience memory loss of certain people, places, events or large blocks of time. Memory gaps often involve extremely stressful or traumatic events. Such events can have a long-lasting impact on an individual’s future behavior.Dissociative amnesia facts and statisticssuggest that this disorder is understudied andunderdiagnosedin the general population.
How Common is Dissociative Amnesia?
Prevalence is a measure of how common a certain disease, disorder or condition is in a given population.Dissociative amnesia prevalencediffers based on the length of time an individual is diagnosed with this condition:
- Approximately1.8%of people in the United States are diagnosed with dissociative amnesia over a 12-month period
- Womenare disproportionately affected over men
- The lifetime prevalence of dissociative amnesia has been reported at6–7%of Canadian and Turkish populations
- For individuals under psychiatric care, the prevalence of this disorder is estimated at7–11%
How Long Does Dissociative Amnesia Last?
Thedurationof dissociative amnesia episodes maylastminutes, hours, days, months or in rare cases, years. These incidents may also occur repeatedly throughout an individual’s life. Theintensityof dissociative amnesia differs depending on the individual, the trauma experienced and the type of dissociative amnesia.
Types of Dissociative Amnesia
There are several different types of amnesia that fall under the umbrella of dissociative amnesia. Individuals may experience more than one type simultaneously.Dissociative amnesia typesinclude:
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- Generalized Amnesia: Generally present in individuals who experience combat, sexual assault or severe conflict, individuals with this conditionlose all memories of selfas well as their life history
- Systematized Amnesia: Involves individuals that cannot recall specific information, such as their interactions with one particular family member
- Continuous Amnesia: Occurs when an individual forgets events after they happen in real-time
- Localized Amnesia: Presents when an individual cannot recall events that occurred in a specific block of time, often during a time frame when an individual experienced a traumatic event
- Selective Amnesia: Involves individuals that forget particular events in relation to experienced traumas
An extreme but rare form of dissociative amnesia is known asdissociative fugue. This disorder encompasses all characteristics of dissociative amnesia with an added element of physicaltravel.
Diagnosing Dissociative Amnesia
To diagnose dissociative amnesia, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is used by medical professionals. TheDSM-5is a comprehensive tool developed by the American Psychiatric Association that assists in the diagnosis of all medically known psychiatric conditions.
Thediagnostic criteriafor dissociative amnesia is defined by:
- One or moreperiodswhere an individual cannot recall memories or information about themselves. These periods are usually related to extreme stress or trauma, and cannot be explained by typical forgetfulness or memory loss
- This condition does not occur as a symptom of otherdissociative disorders
- This disorder does not occuras a result ofsubstance use, bodily injury or neurological conditions
- Individuals can no longer function normally as a result of this condition
Dissociative Amnesia and Co-Occurring Conditions
Dissociative amnesia can be diagnosed as a singular condition. More commonly, itco-occurswith similar conditions involving response to trauma, such asanxiety,depression,post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) orsubstance use.
- Anxiety:Anxietyand dissociative amnesiaoften co-occur since anxiety can cause dissociative amnesia and vice versa.
- Depression:Dissociative amnesia anddepressionoften co-occur as traumatic experiences can cause both conditions.Individualsthat have chronic dissociative amnesiafrequently are diagnosedwith major depressive disorders that start in childhood.
- PTSD:PTSDandacute stress disorderare conditions brought about by experiencing a traumatic event such as a mass shooting, the sudden death of a loved one or a car accident, for example.PTSD or acute stress disorder and dissociative amnesiaoften co-occur, as dissociative amnesia is often a symptom of these conditions.
- Substance Use: The excessive use ofalcohol and other drugscan co-occur with dissociative amnesia. In astudyconducted in 2005, dissociative amnesia began before substance use disorders in the majority of study participants.Dissociative amnesia co-occurred with substance usein almost 20% of individuals seeking treatment at an inpatient facility. Additionally, alcohol and other substances can cause amnesia or temporary memory loss.
Dissociative Amnesia and Crime
Diagnosis of dissociative amnesia is particularly important in the criminal justice system. Attorneys for a defendant may claim the individual committed a crime while in an amnestic state.Dissociative amnesia and crimeare often linked to excessive alcohol use, as offenders that use alcohol are more highly represented in these studies. There is also a positive correlation with the number of amnesia cases pleaded and the severity of crimes committed.
Statistics on Dissociative Amnesia Treatment & Prognosis
Prognosis is an educated guess at the outcome of a disease or disorder. Theprognosis for dissociative amnesiais highly dependent on the individual.Life circumstances, recollection of memories, adjustment and relief from amnesia stressors all impact how an individual will fare after diagnosis and treatment. In most cases,individualsthat recover their memories and remove initial stressors do quite well.
If diagnosed with dissociative amnesia,psychiatrists recommendvarious treatments for individuals.Dissociative amnesia treatmentsinclude:
- Restoring lost memories
- Hypnotism
- Drug-facilitated interviews
- Psychotherapy for traumatic memories that are recovered
- Encouragement to make plans for the future
Are you or a loved one struggling with dissociative amnesia and addiction? The Recovery Village has a trained team of medical professionals and clinical counselors ready to help you or someone access the care you need.Call The Recovery Villagetoday to learn more.
